A Famosa, one of the oldest surviving European architectural remains in South East Asia, is a Portuguese fortress located in Malacca, Malaysia. The Porta de Santiago, a small gate house, is the only remaining part of the fortress still standing.
In 1511, a Portuguese fleet arrived under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque. His forces attacked and defeated the armies of the Malacca Sultanate. Albuquerque believed that Malacca would become an important port linking Portugal to the Spice Route in China, hence he had the fortress built around a natural hill near the sea for protection. At this time other Portuguese were establishing outposts in such places as Macau, India, China and Goa, hoping to create a string of friendly ports for ships heading to China and returning home to Portugal.
The fortress once consisted of long ramparts and four major towers. One was a four-story keep, while the others held an ammunition storage room, the residence of the captain, and an officers' quarters. Most of the village clustered in town houses inside the fortress walls. As Malacca's population expanded it outgrew the original fort and extensions were added around 1586.
In 1641, the fort fell to the Dutch who drove the Portuguese out of Malacca. The Dutch renovated the gate in 1670, creating the logo "ANNO 1670" inscribed on the gate's arch. Above the arch is a bas-relief logo of the Dutch East India Company.
The fortress changed hands again in the early 19th century when the Dutch handed it over to the British to prevent it from falling into the hands of Napoleon's expansionist France. The English were wary of maintaining the fortification and ordered its destruction in 1806. The fort was almost totally demolished but for the timely intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles who visited Malacca in 1810. He helped spare the small gate from destruction.
Link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosa
http://babanyonyamuseum.com/
http://www.malacca.ws/jonker-street/
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